EU critical raw materials assessed for 2023

The ecological transition and its customs impacts are affected by the results of the Study on the Critical Raw Materials for the EU 2023- Final Report.

This report lists the minerals to be considered as “critical”:

• Industrial and construction materials: aggregates, baryte, bentonite, borates, diatomite, feldspar, fluorspar, gypsum, kaolin clay, limestone, magnesite, natural graphite, perlite, phosphate rock, phosphorus, potash, silica sand, sulphur, talc;
• Iron and ferro-alloy materials: chromium, cobalt, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, tantalum,titanium, titanium metal, tungsten, vanadium;
• Precious metals: gold, silver, and Platinum Group Metals (iridium, palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium);
• Rare earths: heavy rare earths – HREE (dysprosium, erbium, europium, gadolinium, holmium, lutetium, terbium, thulium, ytterbium, yttrium); light rare earths – LREE (cerium, lanthanum, neodymium, praseodymium and
  samarium); and scandium;
• Other non ferrous materials: aluminium/bauxite, antimony, arsenic, beryllium, bismuth, cadmium, copper, gallium, germanium, gold, hafnium, indium, lead, lithium, magnesium, rhenium, selenium, silicon metal, silver, strontium, tellurium, tin, zinc, zirconium;
• Bio and other materials: natural cork, natural rubber, natural teak wood, sapele wood, coking coal, hydrogen, helium, roundwood, neon, krypton, xenon.