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WCO,AEO and AI: Detailed report on the application of artificial intelligence and machine learing in customs
The report “Detailed report on the application of artificial intelligence and machine learing in customs” published by WCO on March 2025 analysed the interactions between the advanced AI models and Customs. From customs administration perspective, the process will decrease the neededor expected time thanks to the always increasing use of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as GPT-4 and LLaMA extract insights from unstructured data, assist in risk profiling and streamline compliance checks. Additonally, AI-powered image recognization systems, based on deep learning, improve cargo scanning by identifying concealed items and anomalies in X-ray and scanning data. The report shows that “ 3.3.1 Ensuring accountability and compliance . Validation of AI outputs:…
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European artificial intelligence act and customs implications
On 9 December 2023 the European Commission published a press release on the “political agreement on Artificial Intelligence Act”. According to this document: “…The new rules will be applied directly in the same way across all Member States, based on a future-proof definition of AI….” By following a risk-based approach for which there are two main categories of risks: Minimal risk: “…The vast majority of AI systems fall into the category of minimal risk. Minimal risk applications such as AI-enabled recommender systems or spam filters will benefit from a free-pass and absence of obligations, as these systems present only minimal or no risk for citizens’ rights or safety. On a…
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CBAM, inwards processing and reporting declarant
For the goods placed under inward processing relief (IPR) and subsequently released for free circulation either as the same goods or as processed products, the reporting declarant submits in the CBAM reports the following data: quantity of goods; embedded emissions; coutry of origin; quantity of goods under IPR These data are, partially, covered by the AEO self assessment questionnaire.
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CBAM some customs implications
As already indicated, on October 2023 will partially enter into force the CBAM (carbon border adjustment mechanism), according to article 36 paragraph 3 of the “Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a carbon border adjustement mechanism (COM(2021)0564 – C9-0328/2021 – 2021/0214(COD))” published on 8.02.2023 for which“…(a) Articles 5 and 17 shall apply from 31 December 2024. (b) Articles 2(2), 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 and 31 shall apply from 1 January 2026. (c) Articles 33, 34 and 35(1), (2), (3), (4), (6) and (7) shall apply until 31 December 2025…”. From a customs point of…