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WCO,AEO and AI: Detailed report on the application of artificial intelligence and machine learing in customs
The report “Detailed report on the application of artificial intelligence and machine learing in customs” published by WCO on March 2025 analysed the interactions between the advanced AI models and Customs. From customs administration perspective, the process will decrease the neededor expected time thanks to the always increasing use of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as GPT-4 and LLaMA extract insights from unstructured data, assist in risk profiling and streamline compliance checks. Additonally, AI-powered image recognization systems, based on deep learning, improve cargo scanning by identifying concealed items and anomalies in X-ray and scanning data. The report shows that “ 3.3.1 Ensuring accountability and compliance . Validation of AI outputs:…
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Guidelines on prohibited artificial intelligence (AI) and customs
The annex to the “Communication to the Commission Approval of the content of the draft Communication from the Commission –Commission Guidelines on prohibited artificial intelligence practices established by Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (AI Act)” [4.2.2025 C(2025) 884 final] highlights the role plaid by the AI Act in harmonizing the rules for the placing on the market, putting into service, and use of artificial intelligence (‘AI’) in the Union. This regulation follows a risk-based approach, classifying AI systems into four different risk categories: (i) Unacceptable risk: AI systems posing unacceptable risks to fundamental rights and Union values are prohibited. (ii) High risk: AI systems posing high risks to health, safety and fundamental…
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Customs bulletin n.4/2025: normativa doganale, accise, economia circolare, sostenibilità ed energie rinnovabili
Il customs bulletin n.4 di Dogana Sostenibile segnala i provvedimenti normativi pubblicati tra il 3 e il 9 febbraio 2025 in Italia, UE e altri paesi europei. DOGANE & ACCISE -ITALIA 6 febbraio 2024 Agenzia delle Entrate risoluzione n. 10/E “Istituzione del codice tributo per l’utilizzo, tramite modello F24, del credito d’imposta per gli investimenti nelle Zone logistiche semplificate di cui all’articolo 13 del decreto-legge 7 maggio 2024, n. 60”; 6 febbraio 2024 CEDU Sezione I sentenza causa Italgomme Pneumatici e altri; 3 febbraio 2024 Agenzia delle Entrate risposta n.19 “ Importazioni di beni destinati a essere sottoposti ad esami, analisi o prove – Articoli 72 e ss. della Direttiva…
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European artificial intelligence act and customs implications
On 9 December 2023 the European Commission published a press release on the “political agreement on Artificial Intelligence Act”. According to this document: “…The new rules will be applied directly in the same way across all Member States, based on a future-proof definition of AI….” By following a risk-based approach for which there are two main categories of risks: Minimal risk: “…The vast majority of AI systems fall into the category of minimal risk. Minimal risk applications such as AI-enabled recommender systems or spam filters will benefit from a free-pass and absence of obligations, as these systems present only minimal or no risk for citizens’ rights or safety. On a…
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Customs special regimes, AI, circular economy and compliance: the challenges
On 30 November 2023 the DG TAXUD published the guidance “Special procedures for MSs and Trade -Title VII UCC” number of reference TAXUD/A2/SPE/2016/001-Rev 21-EN. In this document, the EU working group, according to article 210 UCC, checks and analyzes the customs procedures with economic impact (CPEI) also called eitther “Special Procedures” or “special regimes”. The main categories are Storage which covers customs warehouse and free trade zones Specific use. In this category, the temporary admission and the end use authorization fall. Processing which means inward processing relief and outwards processing relief The common framework of these special procedures is Authorization: the authorisation which is a favourable decision with a maximum…
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AI, customs, origin, value and classification: how to implement the compliance
The artificial intelligence is a way to improve the compliance of the economic operators with the regulations on preferential origin, non-preferential origin, value and classification; shortly, it is a way to: make more robust the pillars of customs obligation on which it is based the audit for the AEO authorization; Well assess and mitigate the risks of non-compliance and, therefore, reduce or avoid: audit costs, operational disruptions, legal expenses; Implement the internal customs knowledge and expertise and the internal skills to develop internal controls (monitoring). ##preferentialorigin. The preferential origin is the status of the goods are eligible for the free trade agreement rules. The free trade agreement is is an…
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AEO, customs compliance and artificial intelligence: the next frontier of the customs
The aim of this article is to start to outline and analyze the impacts of the artificial intelligence (AI) on the customs compliance and AEO. Firtsly, it could be interesting to understand the meaning of “artifical intelligence”. Indeed, according to John McCarthy (emeritus professor at Stanford University in 1955) definition, artificial intelligence is “the science and engineering of making intelligent machines”. In practical terms, artificial intelligence allows the performance of actions normally done by human intelligence. By means of algorithms, the artificial intelligence system can: Learning; Reasoning; Improve its own creativity; Self check and control. From the point of the view of the authorized economic operator (AEO), the development of …